News

A recently published project funded by the Centre of Expertise for Waters (CREW) has shown that Scotland’s coastal habitats, such as kelp forests and seagrass beds, could play a bigger role in protecting communities from flooding and erosion.

As storms grow stronger and more frequent, and sea levels rise, natural solutions which complement current coastal defences are being explored. Researchers at Heriot-Watt University used computer models to investigate how well four key habitats (kelp, seagrass, oyster reefs and blue mussel beds) reduce wave energy and support coastal resilience. Of these, kelp forests were found to be the most effective, with the potential to reduce wave heights by up to 70% in parts of the Outer Hebrides.

The study also produced detailed maps of where these habitats exist and explored how restoration efforts could improve coastal protection. While restoration has potential, the researchers highlight that protecting existing habitats, especially those near vulnerable communities, should be a priority.

With growing interest in nature-based solutions, the findings support a shift toward using marine ecosystems as part of Scotland’s coastal defence strategy. However, further data, careful planning, and long-term investment are needed to make this a reality.

The research team recommended integrating habitat protection into policy, encouraging sustainable harvesting practices, and involving local communities in monitoring efforts.

View the full project outputs here.

CREW would like to thank the research team (Heriot-Watt) and the Project Steering Group (SEPA, NatureScot, Food Standard Scotland and Scottish Government) for their dedication and support to the project and in addressing this important issue.